However, such a practice tends to cause bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals in them. The use of soils from highly contaminated dumpsites as a soil improver to grow edible crops is a common practice in many developing countries. In developing countries, environmental laws on waste management and waste disposal are either non-existent or ineffective where they do exist. Generally, industrial activities tend to generate a wide range of wastes, which have the potential to impact the ecosystems negatively and also lead to high-costs of treatment when such wastes are discharged to unprotected environments. This indicated that consumers of the edible vegetables grown in Cr(VI) rich soils may be exposed to health risks, and the children were more likely to be vulnerable to these adverse effects than the adults. The same species of plants also had high HI at 17.4 and 27.2 for adults and children, respectively. The highest HQ was found in Cicer arietinum at 8.7 and 13.4 for adults and children, respectively. A child or an adult consuming such contaminated Cicer arietinum vegetables were likely to take in between 508 and 785 mg/day of Ch T, which are above the World Health Organisation guidelines of 220 and 340 mg/day, respectively. The same plants translocated the highest Ch T to the leaf at 0.7. The highest Ch T translocation factor in the stem was that of Cicer arietinum and Vigna angularis at 0.30. The highest total chromium (Ch T) bioaccumulated in the roots was found in Phaseolus vulgaris at 0.8. The results showed that Vigna angularis was the only vegetable that germinated in highly concentrated Cr(VI) in the simulated soil (456 mg/kg). The daily intake of chromium, hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) methods were employed to assess the potential human health risks posed by these Cr oxidation states through vegetable consumption. Dried ground samples from roots, stems and leaves were analysed for various oxidation states of Cr. The vegetable plants that were used in this study were Vigna angularis, Cicer arietinum, Spinacia oleracea, Amaranthus dubius Thell and Phaseolus vulgaris. Other than for vitamins and minerals, the long-term effects of most natural health products are not known.This study reports on the assessment of the growth potential of five edible vegetables, which were grown in Cr(VI) spiked soils.The form of natural health product that you buy in health food or grocery stores may not be the same as the form used in research. Because of this, how well they work or any side effects they cause may differ among brands or even within different lots of the same brand. The way natural health products are manufactured may not be standardized.A side effect or interaction with another medicine or natural health product may make other health conditions worse. Like conventional medicines, natural health products may cause side effects, trigger allergic reactions, or interact with prescription and non-prescription medicines or other natural health products you might be taking.When using natural health products, keep in mind the following: This is especially important for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. It may not be safe to forgo your conventional medical treatment and rely only on a natural health product. Natural health products, including chromium, must be reviewed and approved by the NNHPD before they can be sold in Canada.Īlways tell your doctor if you are using a natural health product or if you are thinking about combining a natural health product with your conventional medical treatment. The Natural and Non-Prescription Health Products Directorate (NNHPD), within the Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada, regulates natural health products in Canada. But side effects from taking chromium supplements are rare.Īntacids (including calcium carbonate) interfere with the absorption of chromium.īeing exposed to high levels of chromium on the job (such as in metallurgy and electroplating) has been linked not only to kidney damage but also to lung and other cancers as well as skin conditions such as eczema and other inflammations of the skin. Too much chromium from supplements can also damage the liver, kidneys, and nerves, and it may cause irregular heart rhythm. But taking excessive chromium supplements can lead to stomach problems and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). The chromium found in foods will not hurt you.
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